The Shield of Achilles by W. H. Auden
The Shield of Achilles by W. H. Auden

The Shield of Achilles

W-h-auden

Download "The Shield of Achilles"

The Shield of Achilles by W. H. Auden

Release Date
Sat Jan 01 1955
Performed by
W-h-auden
About

First published in 1952, “The Shield of Achilles” is Auden’s response to the detailed description, or ekphrasis, in Homer’s epic poem, The Iliad of the shield borne by the hero Achilles. In book 18, Thetis, his mother, asks Hephaestus to forge a shield for Achilles in preparation for the Trojan War...

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The Shield of Achilles Annotated

She looked over his shoulder
For vines and olive trees,
Marble well-governed cities
And ships upon untamed seas
But there on the shining metal
His hands had put instead
An artificial wilderness
And a sky like lead.,

A plain without a feature, bare and brown,
No blade of grass, no sign of neighborhood,
Nothing to eat and nowhere to sit down,
Yet, congregated on its blankness, stood
An unintelligible multitude,
A million eyes, a million boots in line,
Without expression, waiting for a sign.

Out of the air a voice without a face
Proved by statistics that some cause was just
In tones as dry and level as the place:
No one was cheered and nothing was discussed;
Column by column in a cloud of dust
They marched away enduring a belief
Whose logic brought them, somewhere else, to grief.

She looked over his shoulder
For ritual pieties,
White flower-garlanded heifers,
Libation and sacrifice,
But there on the shining metal
Where the altar should have been,
She saw by his flickering forge-light
Quite another scene.

Barbed wire enclosed an arbitrary spot
Where bored officials lounged (one cracked a joke)
And sentries sweated for the day was hot:
A crowd of ordinary decent folk
Watched from without and neither moved nor spoke
As three pale figures were led forth and bound
To three posts driven upright in the ground.

The mass and majesty of this world, all
That carries weight and always weighs the same
Lay in the hands of others; they were small
And could not hope for help and no help came:
What their foes like to do was done, their shame
Was all the worst could wish; they lost their pride
And died as men before their bodies died.

She looked over his shoulder
For athletes at their games,
Men and women in a dance
Moving their sweet limbs
Quick, quick, to music,
But there on the shining shield
His hands had set no dancing-floor
But a weed-choked field.

A ragged urchin, aimless and alone,
Loitered about that vacancy; a bird
Flew up to safety from his well-aimed stone:
That girls are raped, that two boys knife a third,
Were axioms to him, who'd never heard
Of any world where promises were kept,
Or one could weep because another wept.

The thin-lipped armorer,
Hephaestos, hobbled away,
Thetis of the shining breasts
Cried out in dismay
At what the god had wrought
To please her son, the strong
Iron-hearted man-slaying Achilles
Who would not live long.

The Shield of Achilles Q&A

When did W-h-auden release The Shield of Achilles?

W-h-auden released The Shield of Achilles on Sat Jan 01 1955.

What is the form and meter of the poem?

Though having no consistent meter, the poem alternates between seven-line stanzas in ABABBCC (called rime royal) and eight-line stanzas in a ballad format of ABCBDEFE—that is, it starts in the latter form and is followed by two stanzas of the former, then followed by the latter form, and so on.

How did Homer originally describe Achilles's shield, in contrast to Auden?

Homer’s description of the shield in lines 478-608 of book 18 of The Iliad are known to be one of the first known uses of ekphrasis, a vivid description of a work of art. In it, he describes the form of the shield to be “immense and solid […] threefold circle bound; A silver chain suspends the massy...

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Why does Auden depict Thetis to feel this way about Achilles's shield?

Auden once wrote in his essay “The Poet & The City” about his fear of idealist artists who cause destructive extremism:

[…] society has always to beware of the utopias planned by artists manqués […] All political theories which, like Plato’s, are based on analogies drawn from artistic fabricati...

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