Constitutional Convention & James Madison
Constitutional Convention & Thomas Jefferson & James Madison
Constitutional Convention & James Madison
Constitutional Convention & James Madison
Constitutional Convention & James Madison
Constitutional Convention & James Madison
Constitutional Convention
Constitutional Convention
United States Congress
United States Congress
United States Congress
United States Congress
United States Congress
United States Congress
United States Congress
United States Congress
United States Congress
United States Congress
United States Congress
United States Congress
United States Congress
United States Congress
United States Congress
United States Congress
United States Congress
United States Congress
This amendment was a main idea of the Populist party. It was made necessary only after the Supreme Court defined income taxes as unconstitutional in Pollack v. Farmers' Loan & Trust. The court based its decision in that case on the “Direct taxes” clause of Article 1 Section 2. The court had enab...
AMENDMENT XVI
Passed by Congress July 2, 1909. Ratified February 3, 1913
Note: Article I, section 9, of the Constitution was modified by amendment 16
The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration